{"id":703,"date":"2024-10-09T20:06:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T20:06:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/?p=703"},"modified":"2026-10-14T17:06:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T14:06:43","slug":"serefe-karsi-suclar-nelerdir-ceza-miktarlari-ne-kadar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/index.php\/2024\/10\/09\/serefe-karsi-suclar-nelerdir-ceza-miktarlari-ne-kadar\/","title":{"rendered":"Hakarete U\u011frayan Ne Yapmal\u0131? \u015eerefe Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7larda Ceza Aral\u0131klar\u0131, \u015eik\u00e2yet Takvimi ve \u00d6n\u00f6deme"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

G\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme:

Bir kom\u015fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, i\u015f yerinde ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131lan bir s\u00f6z ya da sosyal medyada yaz\u0131lan bir yorum; hepsi ayn\u0131 soruyu do\u011furabilir: \u015ferefe kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ceza miktarlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan nerede durur ve ma\u011fdur ne yapabilir? T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 125 ile 131. maddeler aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenler. Grubun merkezinde hakaret vard\u0131r; yan\u0131nda ki\u015finin hat\u0131ras\u0131na hakaret ile isnad\u0131n ispat\u0131, iddia ve savunma dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hakaret gibi cezay\u0131 etkileyen h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son iki y\u0131lda bu alanda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu: hakarette \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresine \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r getirildi, uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapand\u0131 ve \u00f6n\u00f6deme yolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6nce ceza aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ard\u0131ndan hakarete u\u011frayan ki\u015finin atabilece\u011fi ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ve \u015f\u00fcpheli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\n

Bir bak\u0131\u015fta<\/p>\n

\n
Temel ceza<\/dt>\n
3 ay\u20132 y\u0131l hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131 (TCK m. 125\/1)<\/dd>\n
\u015eik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi<\/dt>\n
\u00d6\u011frenmeden itibaren 6 ay; her h\u00e2lde fiilden itibaren 2 y\u0131l<\/dd>\n
Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/dt>\n
25.12.2025’ten beri t\u00fcm hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda kapal\u0131<\/dd>\n
\u00d6n\u00f6deme<\/dt>\n
Kamu g\u00f6revlisine g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131 hakaret hari\u00e7 uygulan\u0131r<\/dd>\n
G\u00f6revli mahkeme<\/dt>\n
Asliye ceza mahkemesi<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
\nBu yaz\u0131da neler var?<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. \u015eerefe kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ceza miktarlar\u0131 tablosu<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Y\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131, arkadan ve mesajla hakaret aras\u0131nda fark var m\u0131?<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Hakarete u\u011frayan ki\u015fi ne kadar s\u00fcrede \u015fik\u00e2yet etmeli?<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Deliller nas\u0131l korunur, ba\u015fvuru nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma neden kapand\u0131, \u00f6n\u00f6deme nas\u0131l i\u015fler?<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Hangi durumlarda ceza verilmez veya indirilir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u015eerefe kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ceza miktarlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hangi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011furur?<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Hakaret Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131k Sordu\u011fu Sorular<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n

    \u015eerefe kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ceza miktarlar\u0131 tablosu<\/h2>\n

    Hakaretin temel \u015fekli, bir kimseye onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyebilecek somut bir fiil veya olgu isnat etmek ya da ona s\u00f6vmektir. Ceza \u00fc\u00e7 aydan iki y\u0131la kadar hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131d\u0131r; h\u00e2kim ikisinden birini se\u00e7er. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, \u015ferefe kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ceza miktarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00e2lleri bir arada g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Fiil<\/th>\nCeza<\/th>\nMadde<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Y\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131 isnat veya s\u00f6vme<\/td>\n3 ay\u20132 y\u0131l hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131<\/td>\n125\/1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ma\u011fdurun yoklu\u011funda, en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiyle payla\u015f\u0131larak<\/td>\nAyn\u0131 ceza<\/td>\n125\/1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ma\u011fdura y\u00f6neltilen sesli, yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc ileti<\/td>\nAyn\u0131 ceza<\/td>\n125\/2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kamu g\u00f6revlisine g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131; inan\u00e7 veya kutsal de\u011ferler nedeniyle<\/td>\nAlt s\u0131n\u0131r en az 1 y\u0131l<\/td>\n125\/3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Alenen i\u015flenmesi<\/td>\nCeza alt\u0131da bir art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r<\/td>\n125\/4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00d6len ki\u015finin hat\u0131ras\u0131na, en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiyle<\/td>\n3 ay\u20132 y\u0131l hapis veya adli para; alenen ise alt\u0131da bir art\u0131r\u0131m<\/td>\n130\/1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ceset veya kemikleri alma ya da tahkir<\/td>\n3 ay\u20132 y\u0131l hapis<\/td>\n130\/2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Kurul h\u00e2linde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kamu g\u00f6revlilerine g\u00f6revlerinden dolay\u0131 hakaret edilirse su\u00e7, kurulu olu\u015fturan her \u00fcyeye kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r ve zincirleme su\u00e7 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r (m. 125\/5). Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret ise bu grubun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, TCK m. 299’da ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \"\u015eerefe
    TCK 125\u2013130: Fiile G\u00f6re Ceza Aral\u0131klar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Y\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131, arkadan ve mesajla hakaret aras\u0131nda fark var m\u0131?<\/h2>\n

    Ceza ayn\u0131d\u0131r, ama su\u00e7un olu\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir. S\u00f6z ma\u011fdurun y\u00fcz\u00fcne s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fse ba\u015fka bir \u015fart aranmaz. Ma\u011fdur orada de\u011filse, s\u00f6z\u00fcn en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiyle payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir; iki arkada\u015fa s\u00f6ylenen bir c\u00fcmle bu \u015fart\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaz. Ma\u011fdurun kendisine g\u00f6nderilen sesli mesaj, e-posta veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7erik ise y\u00fcze kar\u015f\u0131 hakaret gibi de\u011ferlendirilir (m. 125\/2).<\/p>\n

    Ma\u011fdurun ad\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lmamas\u0131 da sonucu her zaman de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. S\u00f6z, niteli\u011fi ve ba\u011flam\u0131 itibar\u0131yla kime y\u00f6neldi\u011fi konusunda duraksama b\u0131rakm\u0131yorsa, isim belirtilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r (m. 126). \u00d6rne\u011fin bir apartman grubunda “3 numaradaki h\u0131rs\u0131z” diye yaz\u0131lan bir mesaj, dairede tek bir ki\u015fi oturuyorsa o ki\u015fiyi hedef al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Hakarete u\u011frayan ki\u015fi ne kadar s\u00fcrede \u015fik\u00e2yet etmeli?<\/h2>\n

    Kamu g\u00f6revlisine g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131 i\u015flenen hakaret d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hakaret \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (m. 131\/1). \u015eik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi, ma\u011fdurun fiili ve faili \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi g\u00fcnden itibaren alt\u0131 ayd\u0131r (m. 73\/1-2). 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla eklenen c\u00fcmle uyar\u0131nca, hakarette bu s\u00fcre fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten itibaren her h\u00e2lde iki y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7emez. Diyelim ki biri hakk\u0131n\u0131zda y\u0131llar \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yeni fark ettiniz; payla\u015f\u0131m iki y\u0131ldan eskiyse, \u00f6\u011frenme tarihiniz yeni olsa bile \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Ma\u011fdur \u015fik\u00e2yet etmeden \u00f6l\u00fcrse ya da hakaret \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bir ki\u015finin hat\u0131ras\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015fse, \u00f6lenin ikinci dereceye kadar \u00fcstsoy ve altsoyu, e\u015fi veya karde\u015fleri \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunabilir (m. 131\/2).<\/p>\n

    \n

    Dikkat:<\/strong> \u0130ki y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla 14.11.2024’ten itibaren uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Daha eski tarihli fiillerde \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi ve uygulanacak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu, su\u00e7 tarihine g\u00f6re lehe kanun ilkesi (TCK m. 7) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Deliller nas\u0131l korunur, ba\u015fvuru nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

    Hakaret dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmalardan veya silinebilen dijital i\u00e7eriklerden do\u011far. Bu y\u00fczden delili ilk g\u00fcn korumak, dosyan\u0131n gelece\u011fini belirler.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi tarih ve ba\u011flant\u0131yla kaydedin.<\/strong> Ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnde g\u00f6nderenin kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131, tarih ve saat g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeli; payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131 adresini ayr\u0131ca not edin.<\/li>\n
    2. Mesajlar\u0131 silmeyin.<\/strong> Telefonunuzdaki \u00f6zg\u00fcn kay\u0131t, gerekti\u011finde bilirki\u015fi incelemesine konu olabilir.<\/li>\n
    3. Tan\u0131klar\u0131 belirleyin.<\/strong> Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze veya arkadan yap\u0131lan hakarette s\u00f6z\u00fc duyan ki\u015filerin ad ve ileti\u015fim bilgilerini not edin; arkadan hakarette en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi \u015fart\u0131 bu tan\u0131klarla ispatlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    4. Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa veya kollu\u011fa ba\u015fvurun.<\/strong> \u015eik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esinde olay\u0131n tarihini, yerini, s\u00f6z\u00fcn kendisini ve delilleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131n.<\/li>\n
    5. S\u00fcreyi takvime i\u015fleyin.<\/strong> \u00d6\u011frenme tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay ve fiilden itibaren iki y\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 birlikte takip edin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Dijital ortamdaki i\u00e7eriklerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya eri\u015fimin engellenmesi gibi talepler ceza \u015fik\u00e2yetinden ayr\u0131 yollara tabidir; bu konuda bili\u015fim hukuku<\/a> ve bas\u0131n hukuku<\/a> sayfalar\u0131m\u0131za bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

      \"Hakarete
      Hakarete U\u011frayan Ki\u015fi \u0130\u00e7in Be\u015f Ad\u0131m<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
      \n

      S\u00fcrece yeni dahil olduysan\u0131z:<\/strong> Taraflardan biri olarak hakaret ve \u015ferefe kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ile ilgili bir dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7indeyseniz, haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 zaman\u0131nda kullanman\u0131n yolu erken bilgi almakt\u0131r. \u0130lk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede dosyan\u0131n hangi a\u015famada oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fczdeki s\u00fcreleri birlikte \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz; b\u00fcronun ileti\u015fim bilgileri<\/a> sayfada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma neden kapand\u0131, \u00f6n\u00f6deme nas\u0131l i\u015fler?<\/h2>\n

      Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu alandaki en \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik budur. Hakaret uzun y\u0131llar \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndayd\u0131. 7531 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun \u00f6nce mesajla i\u015flenen hakareti uzla\u015ft\u0131rma d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131; 7571 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ise 25.12.2025’ten itibaren b\u00fct\u00fcn hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 (m. 125) kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ald\u0131 (CMK m. 253\/3). Onun yerine \u00f6n\u00f6deme getirildi: kamu g\u00f6revlisine g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131 i\u015flenen hakaret d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda TCK m. 75 uygulan\u0131r (m. 75\/6-a-2).<\/p>\n

      \u00d6n\u00f6demede savc\u0131l\u0131k \u015f\u00fcpheliye belirlenen tutar\u0131 bildirir. \u015e\u00fcpheli bu tutar\u0131 soru\u015fturma giderleriyle birlikte on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00f6derse kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaz. On g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde talep ederse \u00f6deme birer ay arayla \u00fc\u00e7 e\u015fit taksite b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr; taksit aksarsa \u00f6n\u00f6deme h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r (m. 75\/1). Ayn\u0131 su\u00e7un be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tekrar i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde \u00f6n\u00f6deme uygulanmaz (m. 75\/6).<\/p>\n

      Ma\u011fdur a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki nokta \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6n\u00f6deme, ki\u015fisel hakk\u0131n istenmesini etkilemez; yani ma\u011fdurun tazminat talebi sakl\u0131d\u0131r (m. 75\/5). Ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi ayn\u0131 ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 hem uzla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131k bir su\u00e7 hem de \u00f6n\u00f6demelik bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015fse, 7571 ile eklenen h\u00fck\u00fcm uyar\u0131nca uzla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131k su\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uzla\u015fma yolu a\u00e7\u0131k kal\u0131r (CMK m. 253\/3). \u00d6rne\u011fin tehdit (TCK m. 106\/1) uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirken, ayn\u0131 olaydaki hakaret i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00f6deme i\u015fletilir. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n genel i\u015fleyi\u015fi i\u00e7in ceza davalar\u0131nda uzla\u015fma<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131za bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

      \n

      Pratikte:<\/strong> \u00d6n\u00f6deme teklifi ma\u011fdurun onay\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Zarar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsan\u0131z, bunu ceza dosyas\u0131nda beklemek yerine ayr\u0131 bir tazminat talebi olarak planlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Hangi durumlarda ceza verilmez veya indirilir?<\/h2>\n

      Kanun, hakaretin baz\u0131 h\u00e2llerini cezas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131r ya da indirim \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr:<\/p>\n