{"id":700,"date":"2024-06-03T06:19:31","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T06:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/?p=700"},"modified":"2026-10-01T10:04:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T07:04:33","slug":"terorizmin-finansmaninin-onlenmesi-hakkinda-kanunun-amac-ve-kapsami-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/index.php\/2024\/06\/03\/terorizmin-finansmaninin-onlenmesi-hakkinda-kanunun-amac-ve-kapsami-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Hesab\u0131 Dondurulan Ki\u015fi, Banka ve Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in 6415 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun: Su\u00e7, Dondurma Karar\u0131 ve Ba\u015fvuru Yollar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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G\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme:

Bankada hesab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kullan\u0131ma kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gerek\u00e7e olarak Resm\u00ee Gazete’deki bir karar\u0131n g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendiyseniz, i\u015fin dayana\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi hakk\u0131nda kanun, k\u0131sa ad\u0131yla 6415 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanundur. 28561 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de 16.02.2013’te yay\u0131mlanan Kanun birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 iki ara\u00e7 getirir: ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131n\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlar ve bu su\u00e7la ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015filerin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n idari yolla dondurulmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da Kanunu, su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131 kadar, kararlardan etkilenen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin, yani hesab\u0131 dondurulan ki\u015finin, ona bor\u00e7lu olan i\u015fverenin, i\u015flem yapan bankan\u0131n ve iyi niyetle ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapan vatanda\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

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Bir bak\u0131\u015fta<\/p>\n

\n
Su\u00e7un cezas\u0131<\/dt>\n
5\u201310 y\u0131l hapis (m. 4\/1)<\/dd>\n
Dondurma yollar\u0131<\/dt>\n
\u00dc\u00e7 kaynak: BM listeleri, ba\u015fka bir devletin istemi, T\u00fcrkiye’de al\u0131nan karar<\/dd>\n
Mahkeme onay\u0131<\/dt>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de al\u0131nan karar 48 saati a\u015fmadan mahkeme denetimine gider; mahkemenin s\u00fcresi be\u015f g\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/dd>\n
Bildirim s\u00fcresi<\/dt>\n
Yay\u0131mdan itibaren 30 g\u00fcn; bankalar talepten itibaren 7 g\u00fcn<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
\nBu yaz\u0131da neler var?<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. Ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi hakk\u0131nda kanun neyi ama\u00e7lar?<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131 su\u00e7u hangi fiillerle olu\u015fur?<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapan ya da para g\u00f6nderen ki\u015fi ne zaman sorumlu olur?<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dondurma kararlar\u0131 hangi yollarla verilir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi hakk\u0131nda kanun kapsam\u0131nda hesab\u0131 dondurulan ki\u015fi ne yapabilir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Bankalar, i\u015fverenler ve bor\u00e7lular i\u00e7in y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda hangi kurallar uygulan\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dondurulan Ki\u015filerin ve Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Sorular\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n

    Ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi hakk\u0131nda kanun neyi ama\u00e7lar?<\/h2>\n

    Kanunun ilk maddesine g\u00f6re hedef, T\u00fcrkiye’nin 1999’da kabul edilen ter\u00f6r finansman\u0131yla m\u00fccadele s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden ve BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi kararlar\u0131ndan do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini i\u00e7 hukuka ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fey yapar: ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131 su\u00e7unu tan\u0131mlar, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dondurulmas\u0131 usul\u00fcn\u00fc belirler ve bu s\u00fcrecin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini Mali Su\u00e7lar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (MASAK) ve Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Dondurulmas\u0131n\u0131 De\u011ferlendirme Komisyonuna verir.<\/p>\n

    Kanunun iki kavram\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata do\u011frudan dokunur. “Fon” kavram\u0131 paradan ibaret de\u011fildir; de\u011feri parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal, hak ve alacaklar ile bunlar\u0131n belgeleri bu kapsama girer. “Dondurma” ise m\u00fclkiyeti ortadan kald\u0131rmaz; malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki tasarruf yetkisini kald\u0131r\u0131r veya s\u0131n\u0131rlar. Yani dondurma bir m\u00fcsadere de\u011fil, ge\u00e7ici bir k\u0131s\u0131tlamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"Ter\u00f6rizmin
    6415 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun \u0130ki Mekanizmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Ter\u00f6rizmin finansman\u0131 su\u00e7u hangi fiillerle olu\u015fur?<\/h2>\n

    Kanunun 4. maddesi, 3. maddedeki eylemlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ya da bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle finanse edilmesi amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ya da paran\u0131n bu eylemlere gidece\u011fini bilip isteyen ki\u015fiyi, bir ter\u00f6riste veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte kaynak aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da onun i\u00e7in para toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda cezaland\u0131r\u0131r. Say\u0131lan fiiller aras\u0131nda halk\u0131 sindirmek veya bir h\u00fck\u00fcmeti zorlamak amac\u0131yla i\u015flenen kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve a\u011f\u0131r yaralama, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu kapsam\u0131ndaki ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin taraf oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde yasaklanan eylemler yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Su\u00e7un olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in fonun belirli bir eylemle ili\u015fkilendirilmesi ya da fiilen bir su\u00e7ta kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmez (m. 4\/3). Bu, su\u00e7u “ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda” tamamlanm\u0131\u015f h\u00e2le getirir.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    H\u00e2l<\/th>\nYapt\u0131r\u0131m<\/th>\nMadde<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ter\u00f6riste veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek fon sa\u011flama ya da toplama<\/td>\n5\u201310 y\u0131l hapis (daha a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7 yoksa)<\/td>\n4\/1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Faili \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kuran, y\u00f6neten ya da \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olan ki\u015fi<\/td>\n\u00d6rg\u00fct su\u00e7unun cezas\u0131nda 1\/3’e varan art\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n4\/2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kamu g\u00f6revinden gelen etkinin su\u00e7a alet edilmesi<\/td>\nCeza 1\/2 oran\u0131nda artar<\/td>\n4\/4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u00fczel ki\u015finin faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenmesi<\/td>\nT\u00fczel ki\u015fiye \u00f6zg\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik tedbirleri<\/td>\n4\/5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Dondurma karar\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fini yapmama, ihmal veya gecikme<\/td>\nHapis (6 ay\u20132 y\u0131l) ya da adli para cezas\u0131<\/td>\n15\/1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Dondurma karar\u0131 olan ki\u015fiye bilerek fon sa\u011flama veya finansal hizmet verme<\/td>\nHapis (1\u20133 y\u0131l) ya da adli para cezas\u0131<\/td>\n15\/2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Dikkat:<\/strong> 4\/2 f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki art\u0131r\u0131m ve 15\/2 f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki su\u00e7, 7262 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla eklenmi\u015f ve 31.12.2020’de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten \u00f6nceki fiillere uygulanamaz; fiil tarihine bak\u0131larak TCK m. 7’deki lehe kanun kural\u0131 i\u015fletilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapan ya da para g\u00f6nderen ki\u015fi ne zaman sorumlu olur?<\/h2>\n

    Belirleyici unsur kastt\u0131r. Kanun, fonun ter\u00f6r ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesini ve istenmesini arar. Diyelim ki bir ki\u015fi sosyal medyada g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir yard\u0131m kampanyas\u0131na, deprem b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen bir hesaba para g\u00f6nderdi. Kampanyan\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu bilmiyorsa, s\u0131rf g\u00f6nderimin yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 4. maddedeki su\u00e7u olu\u015fturmaz. Ancak g\u00f6nderim sonras\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenilen bilgiler ve tekrarlanan \u00f6demeler, bilme unsurunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

    Bu y\u00fczden ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapmadan \u00f6nce kurulu\u015fun resm\u00ee kayd\u0131n\u0131, hesab\u0131n kime ait oldu\u011funu ve kampanyan\u0131n izinli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek, sonradan a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmak zorunda kalmaman\u0131n en pratik yoludur. Dondurma karar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fiye ya da onun ad\u0131na hareket edenlere bilerek fon sa\u011flamak ise ayr\u0131ca 15\/2 f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki su\u00e7u olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

    Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dondurma kararlar\u0131 hangi yollarla verilir?<\/h2>\n

    Kanun \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 yol \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr ve her birinin itiraz mekanizmas\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n