{"id":476,"date":"2021-08-25T19:09:04","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T19:09:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/?p=476"},"modified":"2026-10-01T10:05:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T07:05:14","slug":"zimmet-sucu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/index.php\/2021\/08\/25\/zimmet-sucu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zimmet \u015e\u00fcphesinde \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar: Kurum, Denet\u00e7i ve G\u00f6revli \u0130\u00e7in \u0130ade, \u0130hbar ve Ceza"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

G\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme:

Bir belediyenin vezne kasas\u0131nda ay sonu say\u0131m\u0131nda 180.000 TL eksik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Kasadan sorumlu memur “ge\u00e7ici olarak kulland\u0131m, geri koyacakt\u0131m” diyor, m\u00fcd\u00fcr ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor, i\u00e7 denet\u00e7i ise kendi sorumlulu\u011funu sorguluyor. Bu tablo, TCK 247’deki zimmet su\u00e7unun ilk g\u00fcnlerine ait tipik bir sahnedir ve her ki\u015finin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki se\u00e7enekler farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 su\u00e7un tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve cezas\u0131n\u0131 anlatmakla yetinmiyor; kurumu, denetim g\u00f6revlisini ve hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunan kamu g\u00f6revlisini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle iadenin zamanlamas\u0131, verilecek cezay\u0131 do\u011frudan de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fleniyor.<\/p>\n

\n

Bir bak\u0131\u015fta<\/p>\n

\n
Ceza<\/dt>\n
5\u201312 y\u0131l hapis (TCK 247\/1)<\/dd>\n
\u0130ade indirimi<\/dt>\n
Soru\u015fturmadan \u00f6nce 2\/3, kovu\u015fturmadan \u00f6nce 1\/2, h\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00f6nce 1\/3 (TCK 248)<\/dd>\n
Soru\u015fturma izni<\/dt>\n
Aranmaz (3628 m.17)<\/dd>\n
G\u00f6revli mahkeme<\/dt>\n
A\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesi<\/dd>\n
Dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/dt>\n
15 y\u0131l (TCK 66\/1-d)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
\nBu yaz\u0131da neler var?<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. Zimmet hangi durumda olu\u015fur?<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Zimmet cezas\u0131 ne zaman artar, ne zaman azal\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0130ade ne zaman yap\u0131l\u0131rsa ne kadar indirim sa\u011flar?<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Kurum y\u00f6neticisi eksikli\u011fi fark edince ne yapmal\u0131?<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunan g\u00f6revlinin bilmesi gerekenler<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Zimmet; irtikap, r\u00fc\u015fvet ve g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmadan nas\u0131l ayr\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Mahk\u00fbmiyetin memuriyete ve haklara etkisi nedir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Zimmet davas\u0131 nerede g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ne kadar?<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Zimmet Hakk\u0131nda Merak Edilenler<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n

    Zimmet hangi durumda olu\u015fur?<\/h2>\n

    Su\u00e7un faili yaln\u0131zca kamu g\u00f6revlisi olabilir. Konusu, g\u00f6revi nedeniyle zilyetli\u011fi kendisine devredilmi\u015f olan ya da koruma ve g\u00f6zetimiyle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu mald\u0131r. Fiil ise bu mal\u0131 kendisinin veya ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n zimmetine ge\u00e7irmektir; yani kamuya ait mal\u0131 kendi mal\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi harcamak, satmak, ba\u015fkas\u0131na vermek ya da el koymak.<\/p>\n

    \u00dc\u00e7 unsur birlikte aran\u0131r. Birincisi s\u0131fatt\u0131r: \u00f6zel bir \u015firket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 ayn\u0131 fiili i\u015flerse zimmet de\u011fil, ko\u015fullar\u0131 varsa g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma g\u00fcndeme gelir. \u0130kincisi g\u00f6rev ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r: mal\u0131n g\u00f6revliye g\u00f6revi gere\u011fi teslim edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 veya onun g\u00f6zetiminde bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, mal\u0131n ki\u015finin kendi h\u00e2kimiyetine ya da bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesidir.<\/p>\n

    Kamu g\u00f6revlisi olmayan bir ki\u015fi bu su\u00e7a kat\u0131l\u0131rsa fail olamaz. \u00d6zg\u00fc su\u00e7larda s\u0131fat\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan ki\u015fi, azmettiren veya yard\u0131m eden olarak sorumlu tutulur (TCK 40\/2). Konunun genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesi su\u00e7a i\u015ftirak ve faillik<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

    Zimmet cezas\u0131 ne zaman artar, ne zaman azal\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

    Temel ceza be\u015f y\u0131ldan on iki y\u0131la kadar hapistir. Fiil, a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik hileli davran\u0131\u015flarla i\u015flenmi\u015fse, \u00f6rne\u011fin kay\u0131tlar sahte belgelerle d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f ya da say\u0131m tutana\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fse, ceza yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (TCK 247\/2).<\/p>\n

    Mal ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra geri verilmek \u00fczere al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa ceza yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar indirilebilir (TCK 247\/3). Buna uygulamada kullanma zimmeti denir. Mal\u0131n de\u011feri az ise ayr\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7te birden yar\u0131ya kadar indirim yap\u0131l\u0131r (TCK 249). Bu indirimlerin somut olayda uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131, delillere ve kast\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re mahkemece belirlenir.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Durum<\/th>\nH\u00fck\u00fcm<\/th>\nCezaya etkisi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Temel \u015fekil<\/td>\nTCK 247\/1<\/td>\n5\u201312 y\u0131l hapis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyen hile<\/td>\nTCK 247\/2<\/td>\nYar\u0131 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ge\u00e7ici kullan\u0131p iade amac\u0131<\/td>\nTCK 247\/3<\/td>\nYar\u0131s\u0131na kadar indirim olabilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Mal\u0131n de\u011ferinin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\nTCK 249<\/td>\n1\/3’ten 1\/2’ye kadar indirim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Denet\u00e7inin kasten g\u00f6z yummas\u0131<\/td>\nTCK 251\/1<\/td>\nM\u00fc\u015fterek fail olarak sorumluluk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Denet\u00e7inin ihmali<\/td>\nTCK 251\/2<\/td>\n3 ay\u20133 y\u0131l hapis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \"Zimmet
    \u0130adenin Zaman\u0131 ve \u0130ndirim Oran\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u0130ade ne zaman yap\u0131l\u0131rsa ne kadar indirim sa\u011flar?<\/h2>\n

    TCK 248, su\u00e7un konusu olan mal\u0131n aynen iadesini veya zarar\u0131n tamamen tazminini zamana ba\u011fl\u0131 bir indirimle \u00f6d\u00fcllendirir. Takvim ne kadar erken i\u015fletilirse indirim o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Soru\u015fturma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce.<\/strong> Mal aynen iade edilir veya zarar tamamen tazmin edilirse verilecek cezan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi indirilir.<\/li>\n
    2. Soru\u015fturma s\u00fcrerken, kovu\u015fturmadan \u00f6nce.<\/strong> \u0130ade veya tazmin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak yap\u0131l\u0131rsa ceza yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda indirilir.<\/li>\n
    3. Kovu\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00f6nce.<\/strong> Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k bu a\u015famada ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse indirim \u00fc\u00e7te birdir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00d6rnekteki memur 180.000 TL’yi, m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn ihbar\u0131 savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmadan kasaya eksiksiz geri koyarsa en y\u00fcksek indirimden yararlanabilir. Ayn\u0131 \u00f6deme iddianame kabul edildikten sonra yap\u0131l\u0131rsa indirim \u00fc\u00e7te bire d\u00fc\u015fer. K\u0131smi \u00f6deme bu maddenin \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaz; kanun “tamamen” tazmin arar.<\/p>\n

      \n

      Dikkat:<\/strong> \u0130ade, ceza sorumlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmaz; yaln\u0131zca cezay\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Soru\u015fturmadan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan tam iadede bile dosya savc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa intikal ettiyse yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrer ve mahkeme indirimi h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygular.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      Kurum y\u00f6neticisi eksikli\u011fi fark edince ne yapmal\u0131?<\/h2>\n

      Zarar g\u00f6ren taraf burada kamu kurumudur ve y\u00f6neticinin sessiz kalmas\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in de risk do\u011furur. Denetimle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bir kamu g\u00f6revlisi bu su\u00e7a kasten g\u00f6z yumarsa m\u00fc\u015fterek fail say\u0131l\u0131r; denetim g\u00f6revini ihmal ederek su\u00e7a imk\u00e2n sa\u011flarsa \u00fc\u00e7 aydan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapisle cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (TCK 251). Ayr\u0131ca TCK 279, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bir su\u00e7u bildirmemesini ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n