{"id":2458,"date":"2026-10-13T23:32:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T20:32:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/?p=2458"},"modified":"2026-10-13T23:32:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T20:32:01","slug":"tanikliktan-cekinme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/index.php\/2026\/10\/13\/tanikliktan-cekinme\/","title":{"rendered":"Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00c7ekinme Hakk\u0131: Kimler Tan\u0131kl\u0131k Yapmak Zorunda De\u011fildir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Son mevzuat kontrol\u00fc:

Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131, bir ceza dosyas\u0131nda yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n aleyhine konu\u015fmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmamak i\u00e7in kanunun tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcvencedir. Diyelim ki Etimesgut’ta oturan Selin, a\u011fabeyi hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir yaralama soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda tan\u0131k olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yor. Selin’in gidip gitmemesi, gitti\u011finde konu\u015fup konu\u015fmamas\u0131 ve yalan s\u00f6yledi\u011finde nelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131, Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun 45 ila 51. maddelerindeki kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6nce kimlerin bu haktan yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ard\u0131ndan meslek s\u0131rr\u0131 ve kendini su\u00e7lama yasa\u011f\u0131 gibi ayr\u0131 \u00e7ekinme sebepleri anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Sonra hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yalan tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezas\u0131 ve sebepsiz \u00e7ekinmenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Tan\u0131k korumaya, y\u00fczle\u015ftirmeye ve rapor s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar ayr\u0131 yaz\u0131larda i\u015fleniyor; burada yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131na odaklan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\n

Bir bak\u0131\u015fta<\/p>\n

\n
Dayanak<\/dt>\n
CMK 45 (yak\u0131nl\u0131k), 46 (meslek s\u0131rr\u0131), 48 (kendini veya yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7lama)<\/dd>\n
Hat\u0131rlatma<\/dt>\n
\u00c7ekinebilecek ki\u015fiye dinlenmeden \u00f6nce hakk\u0131 bildirilir<\/dd>\n
Ne zamana kadar<\/dt>\n
Dinlenirken de her an \u00e7ekinilebilir (CMK 45\/3)<\/dd>\n
Sebepsiz \u00e7ekinme<\/dt>\n
Disiplin hapsi, en \u00e7ok 3 ay (CMK 60)<\/dd>\n
Yalan tan\u0131kl\u0131k<\/dt>\n
TCK 272: 4 ay ile 3 y\u0131l aras\u0131 temel cezalar, a\u011f\u0131r h\u00e2llerde daha fazla<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
\nBu yaz\u0131da neler var?<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 nedir ve neden tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Yak\u0131nl\u0131k nedeniyle kimler tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u00c7ocuklar ve ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerinde olmayanlar hakk\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Meslek s\u0131rr\u0131 nedeniyle tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 kimlere tan\u0131n\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 ile soruya cevap vermeme hakk\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey midir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u00c7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nceki ifadesi ne olur?<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u00c7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131p yalan s\u00f6ylerse ne olur?<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan sebepsiz \u00e7ekinirseniz ne olur?<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Tan\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131ysan\u0131z ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ne yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131nda merak edilenler<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n

    Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 nedir ve neden tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

    Tan\u0131kl\u0131k, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda herkese y\u00fcklenen bir yurtta\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revidir. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ile \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan ki\u015fi, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde ger\u00e7e\u011fi anlatmak zorundad\u0131r. Kanun bu genel kurala istisna getirir: Ki\u015finin yak\u0131n\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131 vicdanen \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131rsa, mesle\u011fi gere\u011fi s\u0131r tutmak zorundaysa ya da cevab\u0131 kendisini su\u00e7layacaksa, tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilir.<\/p>\n

    Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 basittir. Devlet, ger\u00e7e\u011fi ararken kimseyi sevdi\u011fi insan\u0131n aleyhine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmekle, kendi cezas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemekle ya da g\u00fcvenerek s\u0131r verilen bir mesle\u011fin g\u00fcvenini bozmakla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakmaz. Hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez; h\u00e2kim gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ekinmenin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan olgular\u0131 sorar.<\/p>\n

    \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131lmak ile konu\u015fmak ayr\u0131 \u015feylerdir. Tan\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 telefon, e-posta gibi ara\u00e7larla da yap\u0131labilir; ancak bu durumda \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131na ba\u011flanan sonu\u00e7lar uygulanmaz. Ankara’da soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 ise ki\u015finin ifade verilen yerde, dinlenmeden \u00f6nce kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Yak\u0131nl\u0131k nedeniyle kimler tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilir?<\/h2>\n

    CMK 45\/1, yak\u0131nl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sayma yoluyla belirler. \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131, evlilik ba\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015f olsa bile e\u015fi, kan veya kay\u0131n h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcstsoyu ve altsoyu \u00e7ekinebilir. Kan h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceye kadar olanlar, kay\u0131n h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan ikinci dereceye kadar olanlar ve aralar\u0131nda evlatl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 bulunanlar da listededir.<\/p>\n

    Derece, h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan do\u011fum say\u0131s\u0131yla belirlenir (TMK 17). Karde\u015f ikinci derece kan h\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r; amca, day\u0131, hala, teyze ve ye\u011fen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc derecedir. Kay\u0131n h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131nda e\u015fin kan h\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr ve derecede kay\u0131n h\u0131sm\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r (TMK 18); \u00f6rne\u011fin e\u015fin anne ve babas\u0131 birinci, e\u015fin karde\u015fi ikinci derece kay\u0131n h\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. Kuzenler d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc derecede kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in listenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Yak\u0131nl\u0131k<\/th>\n\u00c7ekinebilir mi?<\/th>\nNot<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    E\u015f<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nBo\u015fan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da ge\u00e7erli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ni\u015fanl\u0131<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nNi\u015fan kanunda ayr\u0131ca say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Anne, baba, \u00e7ocuk<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n\u00dcstsoy ve altsoy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Karde\u015f, amca, day\u0131, teyze<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceye kadar kan h\u0131sm\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kay\u0131nvalide, bald\u0131z, kay\u0131n biraderi<\/td>\nDuruma g\u00f6re<\/td>\nKay\u0131n h\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ikinci dereceye kadar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kuzen, arkada\u015f, kom\u015fu<\/td>\nHay\u0131r<\/td>\nListede yoktur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Nik\u00e2h ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmadan birlikte ya\u015fayan ki\u015fi kanunda ayr\u0131ca an\u0131lmaz. B\u00f6yle bir ki\u015fi yine de kendisini su\u00e7layabilecek sorulara cevap vermekten \u00e7ekinebilir, ancak yak\u0131nl\u0131k sebebiyle t\u00fcmden tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan listedeki ki\u015filerle ayn\u0131 konumda de\u011fildir. Birlikte ya\u015fanan ili\u015fkinin ni\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131k olarak kabul edilip edilmeyece\u011fi dosyaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

    \"Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan
    Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilecek ki\u015filer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u00c7ocuklar ve ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerinde olmayanlar hakk\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

    Ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ekinmenin \u00f6nemini anlayamayacak olanlar, kanuni temsilcilerinin r\u0131zas\u0131yla tan\u0131k olarak dinlenebilir (CMK 45\/2). Temsilci bu r\u0131zay\u0131, kendisi \u015f\u00fcpheli ya da san\u0131ksa veremez; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 vard\u0131r. B\u00f6yle durumda karar h\u00e2kime d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

    \u00c7ocuk ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n beyan\u0131 ayr\u0131 kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015flenen su\u00e7un etkisiyle psikolojisi bozulmu\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fun, soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturmada kural olarak bir defa dinlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve dinleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda uzman bulundurulur (CMK 236). Bu d\u00fczenlemeler \u00e7ocu\u011fu korumak i\u00e7indir; \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n s\u00fcrecine ili\u015fkin genel bilgi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n cinsel istismar\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    Meslek s\u0131rr\u0131 nedeniyle tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 kimlere tan\u0131n\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

    CMK 46, baz\u0131 meslek mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131rlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ekinebilir sayar. Avukatlar, stajyerleri ve yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, s\u0131fatlar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla veya yarg\u0131 g\u00f6revi sebebiyle \u00f6\u011frendikleri bilgiler konusunda; hekimler, di\u015f hekimleri, eczac\u0131lar, ebeler ve di\u011fer t\u0131p meslek mensuplar\u0131, hastalar\u0131 ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendikleri bilgiler konusunda; mali m\u00fc\u015favirler ve noterler de hizmet verdikleri ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendikleri bilgiler konusunda \u00e7ekinebilir.<\/p>\n

    Bir fark \u00f6nemlidir. Avukatlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki meslek mensuplar\u0131, ilgilinin r\u0131zas\u0131 varsa \u00e7ekinemez (CMK 46\/2). Yani hasta, hekimini s\u0131rdan \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hekim tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmek zorunda kal\u0131r. Avukat ise m\u00fcvekkil r\u0131za g\u00f6stermi\u015f olsa bile bu bak\u0131mdan farkl\u0131 konumdad\u0131r; kanun avukat i\u00e7in r\u0131za istisnas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmez.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Dikkat:<\/strong> Meslek s\u0131rr\u0131 bir ki\u015fiyi tamamen tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan muaf k\u0131lmaz. Hekim, dinlendi\u011finde yaln\u0131zca s\u0131fat\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bilgilerden \u00e7ekinebilir. Olay\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, \u00f6rne\u011fin bir kavgaya tan\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcyse bunlar\u0131 anlatmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 ile soruya cevap vermeme hakk\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey midir?<\/h2>\n

    Hay\u0131r, bu iki hak ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 d\u00fczenleme vard\u0131r. Yak\u0131nl\u0131k nedeniyle \u00e7ekinme (CMK 45), ki\u015finin tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan \u00e7ekinmesine imk\u00e2n verir. Kendini veya yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7lama yasa\u011f\u0131 ise (CMK 48) b\u00fct\u00fcn tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca belirli sorulardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya izin verir: Tan\u0131k, kendisini veya 45. maddedeki yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131na u\u011fratabilecek sorulara cevap vermekten \u00e7ekinebilir ve bu hak kendisine \u00f6nceden bildirilir.<\/p>\n

    Bu ikinci hak, yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir; yani tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131ndan yararlanamayan biri bile belirli sorularda susabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin olay g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheliyle birlikte bulunan ve kendisi de su\u00e7a i\u015ftirak etmi\u015f say\u0131labilecek bir ki\u015fi, soru\u015fturmadaki durumunu k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirecek sorular\u0131 yan\u0131ts\u0131z b\u0131rakabilir. Mahkeme gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcrse \u00e7ekinme dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan olgular\u0131 sorar ve gerekti\u011finde bunlar i\u00e7in tan\u0131\u011fa yemin ettirir (CMK 49).<\/p>\n

    \n

    Pratikte:<\/strong> \u00c7ekinme hakk\u0131 bir tutanak maddesi h\u00e2line gelir. Dinlenme \u00f6ncesinde hakk\u0131n bildirildi\u011fine ve ki\u015finin ne y\u00f6nde karar verdi\u011fine ili\u015fkin c\u00fcmlelerin tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7mesine dikkat edilmelidir. Dinleme s\u00fcrerken fikir de\u011fi\u015ftirmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr; kanun, \u00e7ekinebilecek ki\u015filerin dinlenirken de her zaman \u00e7ekinebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    S\u00fcrece yeni dahil olduysan\u0131z:<\/strong> Taraflardan biri olarak tan\u0131k ile ilgili bir dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7indeyseniz, haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 zaman\u0131nda kullanman\u0131n yolu erken bilgi almakt\u0131r. \u0130lk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede dosyan\u0131n hangi a\u015famada oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fczdeki s\u00fcreleri birlikte \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz; b\u00fcronun ileti\u015fim bilgileri<\/a> sayfada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \u00c7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nceki ifadesi ne olur?<\/h2>\n

    Ki\u015fi soru\u015fturmada ifade vermi\u015f, duru\u015fmada ise \u00e7ekinmeyi se\u00e7mi\u015f olabilir. CMK 210\/2’ye g\u00f6re tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilecek olan ki\u015fi duru\u015fmada \u00e7ekindi\u011finde, \u00f6nceki ifadesine ili\u015fkin tutanak okunamaz. B\u00f6ylece ki\u015fi, dosyada bir kez s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6z y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131ndan fiilen mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

    Genel kural ise farkl\u0131d\u0131r: tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmad\u0131ysa tan\u0131k dinlenir. Olay\u0131n delili bir tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131ndan ibaretse, o tan\u0131k duru\u015fmada mutlaka dinlenir ve eski tutana\u011f\u0131n okunmas\u0131 dinlemenin yerine ge\u00e7mez (CMK 210\/1). Tan\u0131k duru\u015fmada daha \u00f6nceki ifadesinden farkl\u0131 konu\u015fursa, \u00e7eli\u015fki giderilmek \u00fczere \u00f6nceki ifade okunabilir (CMK 212). Bu iki kural\u0131n birbirinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta, \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"Tan\u0131k
    Tan\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda izlenecek yol<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u00c7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131p yalan s\u00f6ylerse ne olur?<\/h2>\n

    Yalan tan\u0131kl\u0131k TCK 272’de su\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131r ve tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak yerine ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 konu\u015fmak bu su\u00e7un en tipik yoludur. Soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda yetkili ki\u015fi \u00f6n\u00fcnde ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131k yapana d\u00f6rt aydan bir y\u0131la, mahkeme huzurunda veya yemin ettirmeye yetkili ki\u015fi \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapana bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Soru\u015fturulan su\u00e7 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan fazla hapis gerektiriyorsa ceza iki y\u0131ldan d\u00f6rt y\u0131la kadard\u0131r. Aleyhine tan\u0131kl\u0131k edilen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda koruma tedbiri, tutuklama veya mahk\u00fbmiyet varsa ceza art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Yak\u0131n akrabalar i\u00e7in kanun, yalan tan\u0131kl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir yumu\u015fatma getirir (TCK 273). Ki\u015fi kendisini, \u00fcstsoyunu, altsoyunu, e\u015fini veya karde\u015fini soru\u015fturmaya u\u011fratabilecek bir konuda yalan s\u00f6ylemi\u015fse ya da \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 kendisine hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmadan ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015fsa, ceza indirilebilir, hatta ceza vermekten vazge\u00e7ilebilir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00f6zel hukuk uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yalan tan\u0131kl\u0131kta uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n

    Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k da vard\u0131r (TCK 274). Aleyhine tan\u0131kl\u0131k yap\u0131lan ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bir hak k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 do\u011furan karar verilmeden \u00f6nce ger\u00e7e\u011fin s\u00f6ylenmesi h\u00e2linde cezaya h\u00fckmolunmaz; karardan sonra ama h\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00f6nce s\u00f6ylenirse ceza \u00fc\u00e7te ikiden yar\u0131ya kadar, h\u00fck\u00fcm kesinle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce s\u00f6ylenirse yar\u0131dan \u00fc\u00e7te bire kadar indirilebilir. Ba\u015fkas\u0131na su\u00e7 y\u00fcklemeye y\u00f6nelik daha a\u011f\u0131r yalan i\u00e7in bkz. iftira su\u00e7u<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan sebepsiz \u00e7ekinirseniz ne olur?<\/h2>\n

    Yasal sebebi olmayan \u00e7ekinme ile kanunun tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. CMK 60, yasal sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan veya yeminden ka\u00e7\u0131nan ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda giderlere h\u00fckmedilmesini ve yemin ya da tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in, h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar ve her h\u00e2lde \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere, disiplin hapsi verilmesini d\u00fczenler. Ki\u015fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne uygun davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda derh\u00e2l serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Tedbirleri almaya soru\u015fturmada sulh ceza h\u00e2kimi, kovu\u015fturmada mahkeme yetkilidir. Ayn\u0131 dava veya ayn\u0131 i\u015f i\u00e7in bu tedbirler, s\u00fcreler t\u00fcm\u00fcyle uyguland\u0131ktan sonra tekrarlanmaz. Disiplin hapsi karar\u0131na itiraz edilebilir. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131ya hi\u00e7 uymayan tan\u0131k i\u00e7in ise ayr\u0131 bir yol vard\u0131r: Mazeretini bildirmeden gelmeyen tan\u0131k zorla getirilir ve do\u011fan giderler kendisinden tahsil edilir (CMK 44).<\/p>\n

    Kanunun sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sebebe dayanarak tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan ki\u015fiye yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmaz. Bu nedenle dinleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kendisine tan\u0131nan hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, ki\u015finin hangi bende dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylemesi yarar sa\u011flar. Soru\u015fturmada durumun yakalama ve g\u00f6zalt\u0131<\/a> i\u015flemlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in ifade \u00f6ncesinde hukuki destek almak da de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

    Tan\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131ysan\u0131z ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ne yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n
      \n
    1. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 okuyun.<\/strong> Hangi dosyada, kimin tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak ve hangi makam \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin; \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131nda gelmemenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    2. Yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belirleyin.<\/strong> Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc budur. \u015e\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131kla CMK 45’teki ba\u011flardan biriniz var m\u0131, bunu belgeleyecek n\u00fcfus kayd\u0131n\u0131z haz\u0131r olsun.<\/li>\n
    3. Mesleki s\u0131r konusunu de\u011ferlendirin.<\/strong> Avukat, hekim, eczac\u0131, noter veya mali m\u00fc\u015favir s\u0131fat\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finiz bir bilgi s\u00f6z konusuysa CMK 46 g\u00fcndeme gelir.<\/li>\n
    4. Dinlenmeden \u00f6nce hakk\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hat\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/strong> \u00c7ekinebilecek ki\u015filere bu hak, ifade \u00f6ncesinde bildirilir; bildirilmemi\u015fse tutana\u011fa ge\u00e7mesini isteyin.<\/li>\n
    5. Sorular\u0131 tek tek de\u011ferlendirin.<\/strong> Kendinizi veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 su\u00e7layabilecek bir soruda CMK 48’e dayanarak cevap vermeyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n
    6. Beyan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 okuyun ve imzalay\u0131n.<\/strong> Tutanakta s\u00f6ylemedi\u011finiz bir ifade varsa d\u00fczeltilmesini isteyin; sonradan itiraz etmek zordur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Dosyan\u0131n hangi s\u0131fatla ilgili oldu\u011fu, \u00e7ekinmenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n neler olabilece\u011fi ve s\u00fcrecin y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in bir ceza avukat\u0131ndan hukuki yard\u0131m al\u0131nabilir. Avukat \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k i\u00e7in m\u00fcdafi, ma\u011fdur ve kat\u0131lan i\u00e7in vekil olarak g\u00f6rev yapar; ceza hukuku ve ceza muhakemesi<\/a> hizmet sayfas\u0131nda bu g\u00f6revler \u00f6zetleniyor.<\/p>\n

      \"Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan
      \u00c7ekinme t\u00fcrleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme hakk\u0131nda merak edilenler<\/h2>\n
      \n
      \nBo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131m e\u015fim hakk\u0131nda tan\u0131kl\u0131k yapmak zorunda m\u0131y\u0131m?<\/summary>\n

      Hay\u0131r, bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olsan\u0131z da \u00e7ekinebilirsiniz. CMK 45\/1-b “evlilik ba\u011f\u0131 kalmasa bile” \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015finin tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Bu hak kendisine dinlenmeden \u00f6nce bildirilir. \u0130sterseniz konu\u015fabilirsiniz; dinleme s\u00fcrerken tekrar \u00e7ekinmeniz de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \nArkada\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilir miyim?<\/summary>\n

      Hay\u0131r, arkada\u015fl\u0131k CMK 45’teki yak\u0131nl\u0131k say\u0131m\u0131nda yer almaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n dosyas\u0131nda tan\u0131k olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rsan\u0131z gelmek ve do\u011fruyu s\u00f6ylemek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. Yaln\u0131zca kendinizi su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak bir soruyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, CMK 48’e dayanarak o soruya cevap vermekten \u00e7ekinebilirsiniz; bu tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan \u00e7ekinmek anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \n\u00c7ekinme hakk\u0131m hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmadan ifade verdim, sonu\u00e7 ne olur?<\/summary>\n

      Kanun, \u00e7ekinebilecek ki\u015fiye bu hakk\u0131n dinlemeden \u00f6nce bildirilmesini zorunlu k\u0131lar. Hat\u0131rlatma yap\u0131lmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 beyanda bulunulmu\u015fsa, TCK 273\/1-b’ye g\u00f6re ceza indirilebilir, hatta verilmeyebilir. Hat\u0131rlatman\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutanaktan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r; bu y\u00fczden ifade tutana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dikkatle okunmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \nTan\u0131k olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m h\u00e2lde gitmezsem ne olur?<\/summary>\n

      Mazeret bildirmeden gelmezseniz zorla getirilirsiniz ve gelmemenizin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderler taraf\u0131n\u0131zdan tahsil edilir. Hakl\u0131 sebeplerinizi sonradan bildirirseniz giderler kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 yaln\u0131zca telefon veya e-posta ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131na ba\u011flanan sonu\u00e7lar uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \nTan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinirsem hapis cezas\u0131 al\u0131r m\u0131y\u0131m?<\/summary>\n

      Yasal sebebe dayan\u0131yorsan\u0131z hay\u0131r. CMK 60, yaln\u0131zca yasal sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekinen tan\u0131k i\u00e7in, h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar ve en \u00e7ok \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcreyle disiplin hapsi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr; \u00fcstelik ki\u015fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirdi\u011fi anda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Yak\u0131nl\u0131k veya meslek s\u0131rr\u0131 gibi bir sebebe dayanan \u00e7ekinme bu yapt\u0131r\u0131ma tabi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Dayanak mevzuat<\/p>\n