{"id":1984,"date":"2026-09-28T19:59:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T16:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/?p=1984"},"modified":"2026-09-28T19:59:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T16:59:21","slug":"halki-kin-ve-dusmanliga-tahrik-tck-216","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/index.php\/2026\/09\/28\/halki-kin-ve-dusmanliga-tahrik-tck-216\/","title":{"rendered":"Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik (TCK 216): Sosyal Medya Payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, Cezas\u0131 ve Usul"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Son mevzuat kontrol\u00fc:

Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik, toplumun bir kesimini sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f, \u0131rk, din, mezhep veya b\u00f6lge fark\u0131 \u00fczerinden ba\u015fka bir kesime kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmay\u0131 cezaland\u0131ran ve T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 216. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7tur. Ayn\u0131 madde, bir kesimi bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar nedeniyle alenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamay\u0131 ve halk\u0131n bir kesiminin benimsedi\u011fi dini de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamay\u0131 da ayr\u0131 f\u0131kralarda su\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlar. \u00dc\u00e7 f\u0131kran\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 ve cezalar\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r; bir payla\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131nda konu\u015furken hangi f\u0131kran\u0131n g\u00fcndemde oldu\u011funu bilmek bu y\u00fczden ilk ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da maddeyi f\u0131kra f\u0131kra ele al\u0131yor, sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fini, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n nerede \u00e7izildi\u011fini ve soru\u015fturmadan h\u00fckme kadar hangi usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yoruz. G\u00fcncel bir olay veya ki\u015fi \u00fczerinden de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca kanun metni ve usul \u00fczerinden ilerliyoruz.<\/p>\n

\n

Bir bak\u0131\u015fta<\/p>\n

\n
Ceza<\/dt>\n
216\/1: 1-3 y\u0131l hapis; 216\/2 ve 216\/3: 6 ay-1 y\u0131l hapis<\/dd>\n
\u015eik\u00e2yet<\/dt>\n
Aranmaz; soru\u015fturma resen y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/dd>\n
Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/dt>\n
Kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (CMK 253)<\/dd>\n
Basit yarg\u0131lama<\/dt>\n
216\/2 ve 216\/3 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn (CMK 251)<\/dd>\n
G\u00f6revli mahkeme<\/dt>\n
Asliye ceza mahkemesi<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
\nBu yaz\u0131da neler var?<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik nedir, TCK 216 hangi fiilleri kapsar?<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Birinci f\u0131kradaki “a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n tehlike” \u015fart\u0131 ne anlama gelir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik cezas\u0131 ka\u00e7 y\u0131l?<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 TCK 216’da nas\u0131l \u00e7izilir?<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik soru\u015fturmas\u0131 hangi a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7er?<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma, basit yarg\u0131lama ve HAGB bu su\u00e7ta uygulan\u0131r m\u0131?<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. TCK 216 hakaret ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7undan nas\u0131l ayr\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik Hakk\u0131nda Merak Edilenler<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n

    Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik nedir, TCK 216 hangi fiilleri kapsar?<\/h2>\n

    TCK 216, kanunun kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan su\u00e7lar\u0131 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 be\u015finci b\u00f6l\u00fcmdedir. Korunan de\u011fer tek tek ki\u015filerin onuru de\u011fil, toplumun farkl\u0131 kesimlerinin bir arada bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayabilmesidir. Bu nedenle su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru belirli bir ki\u015fi de\u011fil, toplumun kendisidir; herhangi bir ki\u015finin \u015fik\u00e2yeti aranmaz.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    F\u0131kra<\/th>\nFiil ve ek \u015fart<\/th>\nCeza<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    216\/1<\/td>\nBir kesimi di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa alenen tahrik; kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n tehlike<\/td>\n1-3 y\u0131l hapis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    216\/2<\/td>\nBir kesimi sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f, \u0131rk, din, mezhep, cinsiyet veya b\u00f6lge farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanarak alenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama<\/td>\n6 ay-1 y\u0131l hapis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    216\/3<\/td>\nBir kesimin benimsedi\u011fi dini de\u011ferleri alenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama; kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozmaya elveri\u015flilik<\/td>\n6 ay-1 y\u0131l hapis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Dikkat \u00e7eken bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131: “cinsiyet” \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc yaln\u0131zca ikinci f\u0131krada say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci f\u0131kradaki tahrik su\u00e7u sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f, \u0131rk, din, mezhep ve b\u00f6lge farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Ceza kanunlar\u0131nda k\u0131yas yasa\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan (TCK 2\/3) listeler geni\u015fletilerek yorumlanamaz.<\/p>\n

    Birinci f\u0131kradaki “a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n tehlike” \u015fart\u0131 ne anlama gelir?<\/h2>\n

    216\/1’in en belirleyici unsuru, tahrik nedeniyle kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n bir tehlikenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun, sert veya rahats\u0131z edici bir s\u00f6z\u00fcn tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; s\u00f6z\u00fcn somut bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya da \u015fiddet ihtimalini ger\u00e7ekten yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kabul eder. Bu, su\u00e7u soyut tehlike su\u00e7u olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karan ve somut tehlikeye yakla\u015ft\u0131ran bir \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Tehlikenin “a\u00e7\u0131k” olmas\u0131 herkes\u00e7e fark edilebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, “yak\u0131n” olmas\u0131 ise zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uzak bir ihtimal olmamas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. De\u011ferlendirmede s\u00f6z\u00fcn s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi ortam, o s\u0131rada b\u00f6lgede ya da toplumda bir gerginlik bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen ki\u015finin etki alan\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fin eyleme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi olgular g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131r. Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu tehlikeyi somut verilerle ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralarda bu \u015fart yoktur. \u0130kinci f\u0131kra i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131laman\u0131n alenen yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterlidir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra ise daha hafif bir e\u015fik olarak fiilin “kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozmaya elveri\u015fli” olmas\u0131n\u0131 arar; burada somut bir tehlikenin do\u011fmas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/p>\n

    \"Halk\u0131
    TCK 216: \u00fc\u00e7 f\u0131kra, \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 e\u015fik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/h2>\n

    Herkese a\u00e7\u0131k bir sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan payla\u015f\u0131m, belirsiz say\u0131da ki\u015fiye ula\u015fabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in alenilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilir. Ancak aleniyet su\u00e7un yaln\u0131zca bir unsurudur. Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n birinci f\u0131kra kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in bir kesimi di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 ve bu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve yak\u0131n bir tehlike yaratmas\u0131 da gerekir.<\/p>\n

    Diyelim ki bir kullan\u0131c\u0131, belirli bir b\u00f6lgeden gelenleri topluca su\u00e7layan ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 “bir \u015fey yap\u0131lmas\u0131” \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bir g\u00f6nderi yazd\u0131. G\u00f6nderinin nerede, ne zaman ve hangi gerginlik ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131; payla\u015f\u0131mdan sonra somut bir hareketlenme olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dosyan\u0131n merkezine oturur. Ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zler, hi\u00e7bir gerginli\u011fin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir kitleye s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fse 216\/1 yerine 216\/2 kapsam\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir ya da su\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini yeniden payla\u015fmak da kural olarak alenen yayma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Bu durumda yeniden payla\u015fan ki\u015finin i\u00e7eri\u011fi benimseyip benimsemedi\u011fi, bir ele\u015ftiri veya haber amac\u0131yla aktar\u0131p aktarmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca incelenir. Sadece bir tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan al\u0131nt\u0131 ile i\u00e7eri\u011fin mesaj\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011faltmaya y\u00f6nelik payla\u015f\u0131m ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmez.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Pratikte:<\/strong> Soru\u015fturma konusu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n tam metnini, tarih ve saatini, alt\u0131ndaki yan\u0131tlar\u0131 ve varsa sonradan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 dosyaya eksiksiz koymak \u00f6nemlidir. Ba\u011flam\u0131ndan kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tek bir c\u00fcmle, s\u00f6z\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131n\u0131 ve tehlike de\u011ferlendirmesini \u00e7arp\u0131tabilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik cezas\u0131 ka\u00e7 y\u0131l?<\/h2>\n

    Birinci f\u0131kradaki tahrik su\u00e7u i\u00e7in bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130kinci f\u0131kradaki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kradaki dini de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in ceza alt\u0131 aydan bir y\u0131la kadar hapistir. Bu cezalar se\u00e7imlik de\u011fildir; kanun adli para cezas\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca bir se\u00e7enek olarak d\u00fczenlememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    TCK 218, kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in iki kural koyar. Fiil bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131n organ\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fse ceza en fazla yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar art\u0131r\u0131labilir; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k haber verme amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmayan, ele\u015ftiri niteli\u011findeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 su\u00e7 say\u0131lmaz. Bir gazetecinin gerginli\u011fi haberle\u015ftirmesi ile gerginli\u011fi k\u00f6r\u00fcklemeye y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 bu sayede birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00e2linde bir y\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen hapis cezas\u0131, se\u00e7enek yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan birine, \u00f6rne\u011fin adli para cezas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir (TCK 50). Ceza iki y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131yorsa ertelenebilir (TCK 51) ya da h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 geri b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik su\u00e7unda en a\u011f\u0131r f\u0131kran\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bile be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sekiz y\u0131l olarak uygulan\u0131r (TCK 66\/1-e).<\/p>\n

    \n

    Pratik bir ad\u0131m:<\/strong> Elinizdeki evrak\u0131 tarih s\u0131ras\u0131na koyun ve ceza hukuku ile ilgili sorular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 not edin. B\u00fcroyla yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ilk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede bu liste, dosyan\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flar. Randevu ve adres i\u00e7in b\u00fcronun ileti\u015fim bilgileri<\/a> sayfas\u0131na g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 TCK 216’da nas\u0131l \u00e7izilir?<\/h2>\n

    Anayasa m.26 ile A\u0130HS m.10, rahats\u0131z edici, sert veya az\u0131nl\u0131kta kalan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri de koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131r. TCK 216’daki \u015fartlar, bu koruman\u0131n ceza hukukundaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak okunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Madde, fikir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, bir kesimi di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmay\u0131 ve bir kesimi farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamay\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle bir inanc\u0131, bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi veya bir b\u00f6lgenin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmek, tarih\u00ee bir olay hakk\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f savunmak ya da bir politikaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak tek ba\u015f\u0131na bu su\u00e7u olu\u015fturmaz. S\u0131n\u0131r, s\u00f6z hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011fersizle\u015ftirmeye, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 nefret ve \u015fiddeti \u00f6zendirmeye y\u00f6neldi\u011finde a\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Mahkemeler bu de\u011ferlendirmeyi her dosyada s\u00f6z\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ve ba\u011flam\u0131 \u00fczerinden yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Devletin birli\u011fine ve anayasal d\u00fczene y\u00f6nelik su\u00e7lar ise ayr\u0131 bir sistematikte d\u00fczenlenir; aradaki farklar i\u00e7in anayasal d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131na bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik soru\u015fturmas\u0131 hangi a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7er?<\/h2>\n

    Su\u00e7 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan savc\u0131l\u0131k ihbar, kurum yaz\u0131s\u0131 veya kollu\u011fun kendi tespitiyle harekete ge\u00e7ebilir. Ankara’da i\u015flendi\u011fi kabul edilen fiillerde soru\u015fturmay\u0131 Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. S\u00fcre\u00e7 kabaca \u015fu ad\u0131mlarla ilerler:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Tespit.<\/strong> Payla\u015f\u0131m veya konu\u015fma kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r, hesab\u0131n ya da s\u00f6z\u00fcn kime ait oldu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0130fade.<\/strong> \u015e\u00fcpheli, susma ve avukat yard\u0131m\u0131 alma haklar\u0131 kendisine bildirildikten sonra dinlenir (CMK 147).<\/li>\n
    3. De\u011ferlendirme.<\/strong> Savc\u0131l\u0131k, f\u0131kran\u0131n arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlike veya elveri\u015flilik \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n dosyada bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceler.<\/li>\n
    4. Karar.<\/strong> Yeterli \u015f\u00fcphe yoksa kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilir; varsa iddianameyle asliye ceza mahkemesinde dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    5. Kanun yolu.<\/strong> H\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf ve \u015fartlar\u0131 varsa temyiz yoluna gidilebilir; s\u00fcreler i\u00e7in ceza muhakemesinde istinaf<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma, basit yarg\u0131lama ve HAGB bu su\u00e7ta uygulan\u0131r m\u0131?<\/h2>\n

      Halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik su\u00e7unda taraflar aras\u0131nda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yolu kapal\u0131d\u0131r: su\u00e7 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi CMK 253\/1-b’deki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 listede de ge\u00e7mez. \u00d6n\u00f6deme i\u00e7in kanun, hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131 ay\u0131 a\u015fmamas\u0131n\u0131 arar (TCK 75); en hafif f\u0131kralarda bile \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r bir y\u0131l oldu\u011fundan bu kurum da i\u015flemez. CMK 250’deki seri muhakeme listesi de TCK 216’y\u0131 i\u00e7ermez.<\/p>\n

      Basit yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc ise farkl\u0131d\u0131r. CMK 251, \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 iki y\u0131l veya daha az hapis gerektiren su\u00e7larda asliye ceza mahkemesine bu usul\u00fc uygulama imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131r. 216\/2 ve 216\/3’teki su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u0131l oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mahkeme, duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc belirlenmeden \u00f6nce basit yarg\u0131lamaya karar verebilir ve mahk\u00fbmiyette sonu\u00e7 ceza d\u00f6rtte bir oran\u0131nda indirilir. Usul\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 basit yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fc<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131nda anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

      CMK 231’de d\u00fczenlenen h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 (HAGB) kurumu 7589 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla ba\u015ftan yaz\u0131ld\u0131; be\u015finci ila on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kralardaki yeni kurallar 31 Temmuz 2026’dan beri uygulan\u0131yor. \u0130ki y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fmayan bir hapis cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kasten i\u015flenmi\u015f bir su\u00e7tan mahk\u00fbmiyetinin bulunmamas\u0131 bu yolun \u00f6n \u015fartlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \n

      Dikkat:<\/strong> 7589 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla HAGB h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik usule ili\u015fkin olsa da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n durumunu etkileyebilecek sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. Su\u00e7 tarihi 31.07.2026’dan \u00f6nceyse eski ve yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin somut dosyadaki etkisinin lehe kanun ilkesi (TCK 7) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      TCK 216 hakaret ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7undan nas\u0131l ayr\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

      Hakaret (TCK 125) belirli bir ki\u015finin veya belirlenebilir ki\u015filerin onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelir. Bir ki\u015fiye dini veya siyasi inanc\u0131 nedeniyle hakaret edilmesi TCK 125\/3’te a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 neden olarak ayr\u0131ca d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. TCK 216\/2 ise tek tek ki\u015fileri de\u011fil, halk\u0131n bir kesimini topluca hedef alan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar. Hakaret su\u00e7unun \u015fik\u00e2yet ve ceza sistemi i\u00e7in \u015ferefe kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131na bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

      Nefret ve ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7u (TCK 122) ise s\u00f6zl\u00fc bir fiil de\u011fil, belirli farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan kaynaklanan nefret nedeniyle bir ki\u015finin mal sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131, bir hizmetten yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fe al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 veya ola\u011fan bir ekonomik etkinlikte bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi cezaland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu su\u00e7 grubunun genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in bas\u0131n ve ifade su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a> sayfas\u0131na g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

      \"TCK
      Tespitten h\u00fckme soru\u015fturma ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
      \"TCK
      TCK 216 f\u0131kralar\u0131nda usul se\u00e7enekleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Halk\u0131 Kin ve D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa Tahrik Hakk\u0131nda Merak Edilenler<\/h2>\n
      \n
      \nBu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in birinin \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmas\u0131 gerekir mi?<\/summary>\n

      Hay\u0131r, gerekmez. TCK 216’daki su\u00e7lar kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 korur ve soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Savc\u0131l\u0131k bir ihbar, kurum yaz\u0131s\u0131 veya kendi tespitiyle harekete ge\u00e7ebilir. \u015eik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7ilmesi de bu nedenle soru\u015fturmay\u0131 veya davay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmez.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \nKapal\u0131 bir WhatsApp grubunda yaz\u0131lan mesaj alenen say\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/summary>\n

      Duruma g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Alenilik, i\u00e7eri\u011fin belirsiz say\u0131da ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilebilmesini ifade eder. \u00dcyeleri belli, az ki\u015fili bir aile grubu ile y\u00fczlerce ki\u015finin bulundu\u011fu ve i\u00e7eri\u011fin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya kolayca aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir grup ayn\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmez. Grubun yap\u0131s\u0131 somut olarak ortaya konmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \nBir dini ele\u015ftirmek 216\/3 kapsam\u0131nda su\u00e7 mudur?<\/summary>\n

      Ele\u015ftiri tek ba\u015f\u0131na su\u00e7 de\u011fildir. 216\/3, halk\u0131n bir kesiminin benimsedi\u011fi dini de\u011ferlerin alenen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu fiilin kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bozmaya elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131 arar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ile de\u011fersizle\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama aras\u0131ndaki fark, s\u00f6z\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ve ba\u011flam\u0131 \u00fczerinden belirlenir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \nPayla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapan ki\u015fi yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaysa ne olur?<\/summary>\n

      Soru\u015fturma yine y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir; ancak \u015f\u00fcphelinin ifadesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131, hakk\u0131nda yakalama karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya iadesinin istenmesi gibi i\u015flemler ayr\u0131 usullere tabidir. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan ki\u015fi, dosyay\u0131 bir m\u00fcdafi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla izleyebilir ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 beyan\u0131n\u0131 sunabilir. Bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkedeki konsolosluk \u00fczerinden ifade verme imk\u00e2n\u0131 da ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

      \nBasit yarg\u0131lamada duru\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/summary>\n

      Kural olarak yap\u0131lmaz. Mahkeme iddianameyi san\u0131\u011fa, ma\u011fdura ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iye tebli\u011f eder, iki hafta i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131l\u0131 beyan ve savunma ister ve ard\u0131ndan dosya \u00fczerinden karar verir. Mahkeme gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcrse her a\u015famada duru\u015fma a\u00e7arak genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Dayanak mevzuat<\/p>\n