{"id":158,"date":"2018-09-12T09:51:31","date_gmt":"2018-09-12T09:51:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/?page_id=158"},"modified":"2026-10-01T10:05:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T07:05:41","slug":"dolandiricilik-ve-ekonomik-suclar-ankara-ceza-avukati","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gulsahmutlu.av.tr\/index.php\/dolandiricilik-ve-ekonomik-suclar-ankara-ceza-avukati\/","title":{"rendered":"DOLANDIRICILIK VE EKONOM\u0130K SU\u00c7LAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

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G\u00fcncelleme:

\nBu sayfada neler var?<\/summary>\n
    \n
  1. Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ile borcu \u00f6dememek aras\u0131ndaki fark<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. G\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, bedelsiz senet ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Sahtecilik ve tefecilik<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Zarar\u0131n giderilmesi dosyay\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve Ekonomik Su\u00e7lar Hakk\u0131nda Merak Edilenler<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n

    Paras\u0131 elinden \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015finin ilk sorusu genellikle \u015fudur: bu olay bir su\u00e7 mu, yoksa \u00f6denmemi\u015f bir bor\u00e7 mu? Ceza hukuku ile bor\u00e7lar hukukunu ay\u0131ran \u00e7izgi, ekonomik su\u00e7larda en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan noktad\u0131r. Ankara doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k avukat\u0131 arayan ma\u011fdurlar ve hakk\u0131nda su\u00e7lama bulunan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in bu sayfada doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, bedelsiz senet, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek, belgede sahtecilik ve tefecilik su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, \u015fik\u00e2yet s\u00fcrelerini ve zarar\u0131n giderilmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetledik.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Bir bak\u0131\u015fta<\/p>\n

    \n
    Basit doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/dt>\n
    Bir y\u0131ldan be\u015f y\u0131la kadar hapis ve adli para cezas\u0131; uzla\u015ft\u0131rmaya tabi (TCK m. 157)<\/dd>\n
    Nitelikli doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/dt>\n
    \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan on y\u0131la kadar hapis; bili\u015fim ve banka ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa alt s\u0131n\u0131r d\u00f6rt y\u0131l (TCK m. 158)<\/dd>\n
    \u015eik\u00e2yet s\u00fcresi<\/dt>\n
    \u015eik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7larda fiil ve failin \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay (TCK m. 73)<\/dd>\n
    Etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/dt>\n
    Zarar\u0131n tamamen giderilmesiyle cezada indirim (TCK m. 168)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

    Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ile borcu \u00f6dememek aras\u0131ndaki fark<\/h2>\n

    Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, hileli davran\u0131\u015flarla bir kimseyi aldat\u0131p onun zarar\u0131na kendisine veya ba\u015fkas\u0131na yarar sa\u011flamakt\u0131r (TCK m. 157). Belirleyici unsur hiledir. Hile, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi fark etmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131racak yo\u011funlukta olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sadece verilen s\u00f6z\u00fcn tutulmamas\u0131 ya da borcun \u00f6denmemesi kural olarak hukuki bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kt\u0131r ve alacak davas\u0131yla ya da icra takibiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hile ile kas\u0131t ise bazen olaydan \u00f6nceki davran\u0131\u015flardan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Sahte kimlik, var olmayan bir mal\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 belgeler bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flara \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

    Su\u00e7 kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n zarar\u0131na, bili\u015fim sistemleri ya da bankalar ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131larak, ki\u015finin kendisini kamu g\u00f6revlisi veya banka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olarak tan\u0131tmas\u0131yla ya da tacirlerin ticari faaliyetleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flenirse nitelikli doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olur (TCK m. 158). \u00dc\u00e7 veya daha fazla ki\u015fi birlikte i\u015flerse ceza yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda, \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenirse bir kat art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Dikkat:<\/strong> 7589 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla 31 Temmuz 2026’dan itibaren TCK m. 158’e yeni bir f\u0131kra eklendi. Ki\u015finin doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa katk\u0131s\u0131, haks\u0131z menfaat amac\u0131yla kendi banka hesab\u0131n\u0131, kart\u0131n\u0131, kripto varl\u0131k hesab\u0131n\u0131 veya bunlara ait zorunlu bilgileri ba\u015fkas\u0131na vermekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131ysa ceza yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda indirilir. “Hesab\u0131m\u0131 kulland\u0131rd\u0131m, ne oldu\u011funu bilmiyordum” savunmas\u0131 ise ayr\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirmedir. Bu savunmada kast\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    G\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, bedelsiz senet ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek<\/h2>\n

    G\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma<\/strong> su\u00e7unda mal faile hileyle al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muhafaza etmek veya belirli bir \u015fekilde kullanmak \u00fczere zaten teslim edilmi\u015ftir; fail bu mal\u0131 teslim amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131r ya da teslimi ink\u00e2r eder. Basit h\u00e2li \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Meslek, ticaret veya hizmet ili\u015fkisi gere\u011fi teslim edilen e\u015fyada ceza artar. 7571 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla eklenen f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re su\u00e7un konusu motorlu ta\u015f\u0131t ise ceza bir kat art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (TCK m. 155). Bkz. g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Bedelsiz senedi kullanma<\/strong>, \u00f6denmi\u015f veya ba\u015fka bir nedenle bedelsiz kalm\u0131\u015f bir senedi takibe koymak gibi fiilleri kapsar ve \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (TCK m. 156). Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar bedelsiz senedi kullanma<\/a> rehberinde.<\/p>\n

    Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek<\/strong> ise TCK’da de\u011fil, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanununda d\u00fczenlenir. Hamilin \u015fik\u00e2yeti \u00fczerine her \u00e7ek i\u00e7in adli para cezas\u0131 ile \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedilir. Dava icra ceza mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr (m. 5). Bu su\u00e7ta \u00f6n\u00f6deme, uzla\u015fma ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n geri b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 uygulanmaz. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan bedel faiziyle tamamen \u00f6denirse yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine, kesinle\u015fmeden sonra ise h\u00fckm\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilir (m. 6). Bkz. kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek su\u00e7u<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \n

    S\u00fcrece yeni dahil olduysan\u0131z:<\/strong> Taraflardan biri olarak doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k veya ekonomik su\u00e7 ile ilgili bir dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7indeyseniz, haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 zaman\u0131nda kullanman\u0131n yolu erken bilgi almakt\u0131r. \u0130lk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede dosyan\u0131n hangi a\u015famada oldu\u011funu ve \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fczdeki s\u00fcreleri birlikte \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz; b\u00fcronun ileti\u015fim bilgileri<\/a> sayfada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Sahtecilik ve tefecilik<\/h2>\n

    Resm\u00ee belgeyi sahte olarak d\u00fczenlemek, de\u011fi\u015ftirmek veya sahte resm\u00ee belgeyi kullanmak iki y\u0131ldan be\u015f y\u0131la kadar hapis gerektirir. Fail bu belgeyi d\u00fczenlemeye yetkili bir kamu g\u00f6revlisiyse ceza artar (TCK m. 204). \u00d6zel belgede sahtecilikte su\u00e7un tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in belgenin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir (TCK m. 207). Sahtecilik su\u00e7lar\u0131 ekonomik dosyalarda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla birlikte g\u00fcndeme gelir. Kazan\u00e7 elde etmek amac\u0131yla ba\u015fkas\u0131na \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 para vermek ise tefecilik su\u00e7udur ve iki y\u0131ldan alt\u0131 y\u0131la kadar hapis ile adli para cezas\u0131 gerektirir (TCK m. 241). Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in resm\u00ee belgede sahtecilik<\/a> ve tefecilik<\/a> yaz\u0131lar\u0131na bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    Zarar\u0131n giderilmesi dosyay\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/h2>\n

    Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma ve h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k gibi su\u00e7larda fail kovu\u015fturma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce ma\u011fdurun zarar\u0131n\u0131 aynen iade veya tazmin yoluyla tamamen giderirse cezan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisine kadar\u0131 indirilir. Kovu\u015fturma ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra, h\u00fck\u00fcmden \u00f6nce giderilirse indirim yar\u0131ya kadard\u0131r. K\u0131smi \u00f6demede etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k i\u00e7in ma\u011fdurun r\u0131zas\u0131 da aran\u0131r (TCK m. 168).<\/p>\n

    Basit doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ile g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanman\u0131n ilk iki f\u0131kras\u0131 uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r (CMK m. 253). Uzla\u015fma sa\u011flan\u0131r ve edim hemen yerine getirilirse soru\u015fturma kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131yla kapan\u0131r. Nitelikli doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta ise uzla\u015ft\u0131rma yoktur. Bu se\u00e7enekler uzla\u015ft\u0131rma ve seri muhakeme<\/a> sayfas\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130nternet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta delillerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bili\u015fim su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a> sayfas\u0131na da g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve Ekonomik Su\u00e7lar Hakk\u0131nda Merak Edilenler<\/h2>\n
    \n
    \nDoland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 fark ettim; ne kadar s\u00fcrem var?<\/summary>\n

    Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, basit h\u00e2li de dahil, \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 bir su\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Savc\u0131l\u0131k haberdar oldu\u011funda kendili\u011finden soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131r ve dava zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 dolmad\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015flem yap\u0131labilir. G\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanman\u0131n basit h\u00e2li veya bedelsiz senedi kullanma gibi \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7larda ise s\u00fcre, fiili ve faili \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finiz g\u00fcnden itibaren alt\u0131 ayd\u0131r. Paran\u0131n izini s\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in banka kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n erken istenmesi yine de yarar sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nHesab\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fkas\u0131na kulland\u0131rd\u0131m; ben de doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 m\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r\u0131m?<\/summary>\n

    Bu, ki\u015finin neyi bildi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Hesab\u0131n doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilerek ve menfaat amac\u0131yla veren ki\u015fi su\u00e7a i\u015ftirak etmi\u015f say\u0131labilir. 7589 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla bu durumda cezan\u0131n yar\u0131 oran\u0131nda indirilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Kand\u0131r\u0131larak hesap bilgisi veren ki\u015finin ise kast\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunulabilir. Somut mesajlar ve para hareketleri belirleyicidir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nParay\u0131 geri \u00f6dersem dava d\u00fc\u015fer mi?<\/summary>\n

    Kural olarak d\u00fc\u015fmez; etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k cezada indirim sa\u011flar. Ancak uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndaki basit doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta uzla\u015fmayla edimin yerine getirilmesi dosyay\u0131 kapat\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ekte ise bedelin faiziyle \u00f6denmesi davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Hangi sonucun do\u011faca\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7 vasf\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nDoland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k davas\u0131na hangi mahkeme bakar?<\/summary>\n

    Basit ve nitelikli doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k davalar\u0131 kural olarak asliye ceza mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ceza art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r on y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yorsa ya da dosya a\u011f\u0131r cezal\u0131k bir su\u00e7la birle\u015fmi\u015fse dava a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesine gidebilir. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek davalar\u0131 ise icra ceza mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

    Doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ve nitelikli h\u00e2llerini daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 anlatan doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131 da okunabilir.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Dayanak mevzuat<\/p>\n